I am experiencing exactly this with the Asus ROG Ally X. Curiously, the artifacts only affect everything except when I am playing; once I start the game, I have no problems. Otherwise, there are always artifacts, and the Asus ROG Ally X freezes, requiring me to press the power button for a few seconds to force a shutdown.
Asus ROG Ally X freezes and artifacts appear. - Bazzite - Universal Blue